Claw/Hammer Toes
Toes can become curled up if shoes are too short or in response to another problem such as hallux valgus or rheumatoid arthritis. Clawing can be the end result of prolonged overloading of the metatarsals in the ball of the foot. The top of the clawed toe rubs on the shoe producing a corn.
Changing shoe size or design might be all that is necessary, but cushioning by an insole, physiotherapy or correction of foot posture all play a part. Such toes can be surgically straightened but how to obtain the best long term result and pain relief depends upon appreciation of how established the clawing is and of any underlying problem.